The Killers - Human (Ocelot Remix)

Classixx - Cold Cut Ill

The Killers - Human (Ocelot Remix)

Classixx - Cold Cut Ill

Pouring Vessel, Stoneware                                                        Lidded Bowl, Stoneware

Not Titled, wax resist and overglaze enamels              Not Titled, glazed stoneware

Espero que lo hayan pasado bien y que se mejoren los que están enfermos.  Como les dije en clase, la entrada para el lunes será una extensión de la actividad que hicimos al final de la clase hoy, es decir: que narren un evento en el pasado desde el punto de vista de un/a niño/a de ocho años.  Puede ser un evento por el que tú hayas pasado últimamente pero narrado desde la perspectiva de un niño, o algún otro evento (lo dejo libre) narrado de la manera particular que perciben los niños de ocho añitos.  Otra posibilidad, si quieren, es narrar un evento real por el que les pasó a los ocho años pero narrarlo desde la perspectiva que tú tenías a esa edad.  Las únicas restricciones son:  incorporar el imperfecto del subjuntivo (u otros usos que hemos estado practicando) en algunas frases, e incluir por lo menos dos palabras de vocabulario del capítulo 8.

Buen fin de semana y nos vemos el lunes.

Miquel Barcelo, a native from the Spanish Island of Majorca, recently completed his execution of the ceiling in the Human Rights and Alliance of Civilisations Chamber in the U.N. near Lake Geneva. Barcelo has turned the dome of the chamber in to a cave-like atmosphere complete with stalagtites of multiple colors. The project was meant to represent our known world with all its complexities, richness and diversity. His inspiration derived from a hot day in the Sahel region in Africa saying “I remember with the vividness of a mirage the image of the world dripping towards the sky”. The project was said to have used hundreds of tons of paint in order to complete it. Despite the beauty that the finished ceiling holds, the methods for completion have come in to play through controversy. Once it became better know that the price of the project took on a whopping 25.25 million dollars, U.N. authorities became rather coy. The large sum of money was given to Barcelo from a couple sources, one being the ONUART foundation, and the other contribution came from the Spanish government. The Spanish Governments contribution drew partly on its development aid budget which lead politicians to wonder whether the money could have been better spent helping the sick and hungry. For me the project raises issues of how far an artist should go to get their ideas created, and more importantly if it is ever that necessary for that amount of money to be spent on the creation of something non-functional.

Sound Boxwood. This image shows wood’s cellular structure with no decay. Source: Spirydowicz, et al. Alvar and Butvar: the Use of Polyvinyl Acetal Resins for the Treatment  of the Wooden Artifacts from Gordion, Turkey. JAIC, 2001, 40(1), 43-57.

White rot. Wood that has undergone white rot. White rot is caused by fungus that eats lignin and cellulose. Many cells have been devasted, but some are still intact. Source: forestpathology.cfans.umn.edu 

Wood with white-pocket rot. White pocket rot is caused by fungus that eats the lignin of the wood. Delignification causes a loss in mass of the areas around the cells, causing a loss of structure. Source: forestpathology.cfans.umn.edu 

Wood with brown rot. Brown rot is caused by fungus that eats cellulose. This causes the structure to become incredibly weak, leading to fragmentation of the wood if any stress is placed on it. The fragmentation of the wood is shown in this image, where the cellular structure has been devastated. Source: forestpathology.cfans.umn.edu

Joseph Schumpeter asserted in one of his most well-known writings, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, that creative destruction is an evolutionary process through which an economy internally changes and reorganizes itself.  Schumpeter describes this phenomenon with regards to Marx’s argument about capitalism, and how capitalism does, in fact, improve employment, or standards of living.  Capitalism is “by nature a form or method of economic change and, not only never is, but never can be stationary,” says Schumpeter.  He further states that this ever-changing nature of capitalism is not merely fueled by “social or natural” impacts, which he does not deny their importance, but more so by “the capitalist engine in motion” that cranks out newer innovations, newer trends, newer types of consumers, newer ways of organizing an industry, and newer means of production and transportation (5).

Schumpeter liked to emphasize the importance of innovation, and how innovation by itself has the power to outdate current trends, products, ideas, and skills.  Creative destruction may cause a certain population to lose their job, or a product that they might have liked, but in the end, it helps raise people’s standard of living by introducing to them technology and an advanced, more productive way of life.  He presses his readers to understand that “lost jobs, ruined companies, and vanishing industries are inherent parts of the growth system (5).”  Schumpeter just reminds us that through the bad, the good will come, and the good in this scenario is an economy that grows to become more productive and a society that is rewarded with improved working conditions, benefits and salary, thus an increased standard of living.

            I do believe that the globalization taking place during the 21^st century is indeed, “creative destruction on steroids.”  With the increase of communication among people across the globe, all sharing and exchanging ideas, innovation is bound to explode. We have seen already, the trade-of of jobs that creative destruction causes, within even our own country. Steel miners or coal workers from the Northeast or the Midwest are losing their jobs.  Their jobs are being threatened by the increasing amount of imports that the U.S. has chosen to bring in from other places where certain products are being produced at a much lower and more productive rate.  Jobs such as ones for telemarketing companies and software production, or filing taxes are being shifted over to countries where the rate of productivity is higher, technology is allowing these jobs to be taken care of at a higher productivity rate, and thus, people are losing their jobs.

            The accessibility of easier trade is also making way for innovation to come through.  Chances to trade with a nation where certain resources might be cheaper allows for productivity increase as well as an opportunity to trade with a nation with a higher-value currency; a win-win situation for both countries in the deal.  Some argue that trade destroys domestic jobs, and this is true in a literal sense. But arguing through the creative destruction theory here, destroying domestic jobs in turn creates new higher-paying jobs; they’re not the same jobs, but they’re still jobs.  Hence, employment in a certain section of jobs may decrease, but employment and pay as a whole actually increases.

            Now, the kind of marketable skills that were once advertised are not as marketable any more, and employers are looking for potential employees who know how to use the internet, how to network with people using technology, how to communicate with people from across the globe, and even how to speak several languages fluently.  The creative destruction forces even some skills out of the market, not just jobs or industries, creating totally new occupations.  In some cases, workers may be shifted to other alternate industries, but in many cases, they end up losing their jobs and are forced to learn new skills to adapt to the quickly changing job market.

            For the U.S. specifically, I believe that creative destruction in the face of 21^st century globalization will benefit the country. Because creative destruction is all about being on top of your competition, the long-held tradition of American competitiveness will come to use in the coming age.  Although our economy is undergoing a dip, our “vigorous competition and regulatory system that embraces technological change [will make] the U.S. economy productive and provide American households with relatively high incomes (2).”  Industries rise and industries fall, and because of the American ideal of a hard work ethic and motto of “try, try again”, when businesses do encounter failure, it does not discourage our entrepreneurs or workers too much.

            However, this is not to say that there are thousands of American citizens out there who are daily, losing their jobs to foreign competition, or to shifts in employment and industry trends.  But, America continues to create more and more jobs every year, and the unemployment rate continues to stay at a relatively low 6.1%; when in comparison with other nations (4).  And this is what creative destruction is all about. There will be rough patches along the way of destruction, but in time, the good will come and the economy will benefit from higher quality work taking place, and our standards of living being raised as a result.

Works Cited:

1. Cox, W. Michael, and Richard Alm. “Creative Destruction.” Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. 2008. Library of Economics and Liberty. 21 Nov. 2008 <http://www.econlib.org/library/enc/creativedestruction.html>.

2. “Creative Destruction: Empowering individual choice ensures growth and prosperity.” Economics and Trade. 7 Apr. 2008. America.gov. 19 Nov. 2008 <http://www.america.gov/st/econ-english/2008/april/20080415222436eaifas0.5277674.html>.

3. Grennes, Thomas. “Creative Destruction and Globalization.” Publications and Journals. CATO Institute. 20 Nov. 2008 <http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj22n3/cj22n3-10.pdf>.

4. Isidore, Chris. “Jobless rate soars to 6.1%.” CNN 5 Sept. 2008.

5. Schumpeter, Joseph A. “Joseph A. Schumpeter “Creative Destruction”" Eng 205: Literature & the Culture of Information. Apr. 2001. 21 Nov. 2008 <http://transcriptions.english.ucsb.edu/archive/courses/liu/english25/materials/schumpeter.html>.

I’ve finished my powerpoint for the presentation tomorrow - I deciced to structure it just like the paper to spare confusion and gaping holes in the presentation.  However, I’m not sure about the length.  That seems to be the hardest thing to estimate with the presentation because it can change quite a bit each time it is given.  I tried to hit all the main points and leave out most of the other stuff - hopefully it will balance out tomorrow.  Should go a bit better than the first presentation.

In Judith Parker’s Psycholinguistics course students have been asked to create scientific posters, but they were encouraged to explore new ways of presenting their work online. Justin Toney created his science poster for the class with Glogster, an online poster tool that enables linking, embedding, media, as well as re-posting it on other sites, such as a UMW Blog. I think he used Glogster to some great effect—don’t you? I really dig the design and aesthetics of his work. Imagine that, a web-based science poster that isn’t a progeny of PowerPoint and actually has some character and sass! You can see the full screen version of Justin’s work here.

To explore more tools like Glogster take a look at Alan Levin’s incredible resource “50 Ways to Tell a Digital Story.”

Answer:  Well now, there are various ways in which one can find a way to ace a test, however there is only one way through which the “ace-er” deserves the praise, and can truly say that they aced the final….it is a complex idea, one which might seem unnecessary, but I, Uncle Lumpy, am here to tell you it is necessary.  Are you ready for the answer, the golden ticket into acing a college final? A knowledge so profound that your life as you know it will never be the same.  You sure you’re ready? Okay, here it is.  Work and study your badonkadonk off.  you know, your caboose, your tuchis, your gluteus maximus, your ASS.  WORK YOUR ASS OFF…and you will be rewarded for your hard work.

Kelsey Williams

11/18/08

The Human Animal

Mate Selection

            Finding a mate and falling in love are the goals of almost every human today, and this is a natural, biological craving.   An animal’s main goal in life is also to find a mate, but they do not have to deal with the complications of trying to find love, as humans do. In choosing a suitable mate, there are things that humans consciously do in order to make the best impression.  However, there are also many intrinsic qualities humans have that signal if they will be a good mate.  Animals, for the most part, do not intentionally seek out “love”, but instead just look for a mating partner that will be successful in helping them pass on their genes.  Attraction and non-verbal cues are some of the initial characteristics that humans use when choosing a mate.  Attraction has many parts within itself.  Non-verbal cues are things like body language, and can even include the clothes and jewelry that people adorn themselves in.  Both attraction and non-verbal cues can be somewhat controlled by the person.  Other things, such as facial symmetry, facial averageness, sexual dimorphism, chemical cues, and genetics in the individual are not really controlled by the person, except in certain instances.  Chemical cues include anything from pheromones, which every person naturally has, to perfumes, which are artificially put on by the wearer.  Mate selection begins with attraction, but can be changed by factors such as non-verbal cues, symmetry, facial averageness, sexual dimorphism, and chemical cues.

            In the initial stages of mating, the process has to begin with attraction.  Attraction encompasses many different things.  Flirting is one of the very first steps, and this is true in both humans an animals.  Flirting is “a repertoire of facial expressions, gestures, and other non-verbal behaviors that serve as signals designed to communicate romantic interest to a potential partner”(Regan, 2003).  Animals do things such as puff up their feathers and do a dance, in the case of male birds, in order to attract a mate. 

            Every individual has preferences in what they seek from a mate.  In comparing the preferences of men and women, “significant differences emerge in two preferences: males consider physical attractiveness more important than women do, while females rank earning capacity higher than males do” (Gould, 1989).   Women also are generally the ones choosing, simply because they have more to invest, so therefore they are the ones that get to exercise their preferences more. In animals, they also have preferences that vary by species and sex.  In the case of bullfrogs, “females strongly prefer the largest males”(Gould, 1989), as well as other characteristics, such as their mating call.  In a study done by the University of Novi Sad in Serbia, they tested subjects for which traits in the opposite sex they found most desireable.  “Of the 60 examined traits, statistically significant differences were obtained on 13 characteristics”(Todosijevic et al. 2003). This means that only 13 characteristics are differently desireable between men and women. Certain individuals also have general, or maybe specific, characteristics that they consider attractive.  General attractiveness is relative, as seen by the well-known statement, “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.”

            Other things that serve as a part of attraction are mood, personality, proximity, and reciprocation.  Someone has to be in a mood that is susceptible toward wanting a mate.  If an individual is angry, sad, or otherwise in a bad mood, they will be less susceptible towards receiving or looking for a mate.  Personality is a big factor in attraction.  An individual’s personality can attract or deter a mate.  It also may be a more subtle signal of the person’s ability to be in a relationship.  Personality deals with identity, and humans “need a strong sense of [themselves] and know who [they] are before [they] can develop truly intimate relationships” (Pines, 1999).  Without a personality that is open about themselves, an individual may have a hard time attracting a mate, because they might seem like they are incapable of intimacy.  Proximity is also important for attraction.  This deals with geographic proximity. If individuals are not close to one another, it is less likely they will be attracted to one another.  “A number of classical studies demonstrate that as the geographic distance separating potential couples decreases, the probability of their marrying each other increases”(Pines, 1999).  This makes sense, because as humans, we tend to seek long-term partners when it comes to mate choice.  If the individuals would be geographically far apart, it is not logical for them to be good mate choices for the other.  For animals, this is important because of the simple fact that if individuals are not close together, the chances of them meeting are small.  This reduces the number of possible mates.  Another important factor in attraction is reciprocation.  Reciprocation is a deeper element of attraction, but is still important nonetheless.   If the individual’s efforts to secure a mate are not reciprocated,  then the two will most likely not mate.  This is true for animals as well.  If females are not responsive to a male’s efforts to mate, then he will be forced to turn away.  All of these elements of attraction are important to securing a mate, but are certainly not the only factors involved in mate selection.

            Perhaps some of the best communicators humans and animals use are non-verbal cues.  This is better know as body-language.  Body language can show deceit, affection, interest, dislike, as well as many others.  Because body language is so telling, albeit subtly, it is a great tool to use in mate selection.  It can signal if an individual is willing to mate or not.  Non-verbal communication can be easily missed or misunderstood.  Some things help with getting the message across non-verbally.  “Duplicating or repeating a message makes it more likely to be understood” (Givens, 2005).  The hands, in humans, are perhaps the best communicator in non-verbal communication.  They can convey many messages, and “both men and women are unconsciously alert to the physical appearance of each other’s hands and digits as well as to their expressive shapes and gestures”(Givens 2005).   Hands are important in mate selection in that for females, they are generally attracted to a male’s hands and wrists, so showing these parts off is advantageous for the male.  Animals use body languages too.  The green heron uses a stretching display to show that he will not attack.  “Simultaneously stretching his head and neck upward, out of attack position, swaying submissively from side to side, and emitting the soft aaroo- aaroo call nullifies hostility”(Givens 2005).  Showing harmlessness is important in animals and humans alike.  In order for humans to show harmlessness, the sometimes use throat-baring.  The “neck-dimple” at the base of the throat that humans have shows submission and harmlessness when visible.  This is why in business, government, and military, this spot is usually hidden behind a knotted scarf, tie, or turtle neck.  This shows strength.  Throat-baring can also be seen in crocodiles when they raise their heads out of water to show submission to another male. (Givens, 2005).  Hair preening is also a common display of non-verbal communication that is common to both humans and animals alike.  Humans tend to “preen when emotions run high to release pent up feelings brought on by a nice looking partner’s allure” (Givens 2005).  In the case of animals, they “show willingness to mate by conspicuously cleaning their feathers or fur to show ‘contact readiness’” (Givens 2005).  The act of hair preening also relates back to reciprocation because “when the hair preen you give is returned by another, you’re clearly on the same page” (Givens 2005).  For a woman, there are many things she can do non-verbally to benefit her chances of getting a mate.  “A woman’s body language is more sensual than that of a man”(Givens 2005).  If the woman is touching herself on the shoulder, forearms, or wrist, it shows a man she is receptive to touch.  This can be beneficial to the woman as far as mating is concerned.

        Other important elements in mate selection are body and facial symmetry, facial averageness, and facial sexual dimorphism. These are elements of mate selection that the individual cannot really control without means of plastic surgery or some other method.  For the most part, a symmetrical face is more attractive than a non-symmetrical one.  Humans and animals alike are more likely to chose a mate that is symmetrical.  Biologically speaking, a non-symmetrical animal or human “reflects developmental instability, homozygosity, parasite load, poor nutrition, and pollution” (Rhodes 2005).  Individuals have a biological predisposition to chose the mate that will best promote their genes, which is why, even today, symmetrical faces are more attractive.  It is simply a product of evolution.  The same basic principle applies for averageness. “Average traits reflect developmental stability, and heterozygosity, which may increase disease resistance”(Rhodes 2005).  Sexual dimorphism in facial traits are perhaps the most important for mate selection.  “It is plausible that sexual dimorphism in both males and females is related to intra-sexual selection or competition within a sex for mates” (Little et al. 2008).   Having either male or female traits that are more desireable for the opposite sex increase the chances of securing a mate, thus increasing genetic survival.  Typically, masculine facial traits such as large jaws and prominent brows are attractive to members of the opposite sex (Little et al. 2008).  Males seek the “estrogen-dependent characteristics of the female body that correlate with health and reproductive fitness and are found attractive” (Little et al. 2008).  In general, for sexual dimorphism, individuals with more features typical and desireable for their respective sex have a better chance at getting a mate.  This is because they appear to be of a higher quality.  This behavior of attraction towards sexually dimorphic individuals is intrinsic in humans, and can also be seen in animals as well.  Animals are also symmetrical for the most part, and exhibit even stronger sexually dimorphic characteristics.  The lion’s mane is an example of a sexually dimorphic trait.  It signals strength to possible female mates.  Averageness,  symmetry, and sexual dimorphism are all important to mate selection.

            Also important to mate selection is the use of chemical cues.  These can be pheromones, also called steroid scents, or artificial perfumes.  Pheromones can tell someone a lot about a potential mate.  “Females chose a male using odour as cues to his intrinsic quality which reflects factors, in mammals, such as his social status, the quality of nutrients he has consumed, his reproductive state, his immunological genotype or other genetic compatibility, and his health” (Wyatt 2003).  This is true for both animals and humans.  Pheromones are so influential in humans that in one study, evidence shows that “the menstrual periods of women who live together tended to converge on the same time every month, an effect thought to be mediated by pheromones” (Benson 2002).  Animals also use pheromones in many different ways.  They can be used to signal dominance and to attract mates.  “Females of the tobacco moth are more likely to mate with larger males, which produce more than twice as much wing-gland pheromone as smaller ones” (Wyatt 2003).  Pheromones are very important to signaling for a mate.  Pheromones can also “advertise health and genetic quality to mates, including resistance to parasites and pathogens” (Wyatt 2003).  Humans are biologically wired to avoid genetic conflicts.  For example, “humans prefer the scent of opposite-sex individuals with major histocompatibility complex genes that are dissimilar or intermediately dissimilar to their own. This might result in more viable offspring” (Havlicek et al. 2005).  Pheromones are also important to mate selection in that females “preference for men’s scent depends on the menstrual cycle phase of women”(Havlicek et al. 2005).  Pheromones are so influential in all aspects of life, but especially when it comes to mate choice.

            Genetics and fitness are the last two main components in mate selection.  These are really uncontrollable by the individual.  “Evolutionary psychologists believe that the natural selection process led humans to develop a biological mechanism that directs mate selection.  This innate biological mechanism exerts a powerful influence on the sexual attraction a person feels toward a potential mate with optimal genetic similarity” (Pines, 1999).  This means that for some reason, humans are more attracted to individuals that are better for their reproductive success, genetically speaking.  Studies have shown that “the greater the genetic similarity between romantic partners, the greater their fertility rates, the smaller their rates of natural abortion, and the healthier the children born to them”(Pines 1999).  This demonstrates that genetics are important in mate selection in order to successful reproduce and pass on an individuals genes. 

             For all of these reasons, mate choice is a very precarious thing.  Beyond initial attraction, which has many phases of its own, there are many things that can either aid or get in the way of securing a mate.  Some of these deal-breakers or deal-makers are non-verbal cues, facial symmetry and averageness, sexual dimorphism, chemical cues, and genetics.  If not for these signals and cues, humans and animals would not mate with the best possible choice, and thus would not be successful in passing on their genes to future generations.

Works Cited

Gould, James, and Carol Gould. Sexual Selection. New York: Scientific American Library, 1989.  

Wyatt, Tristram, Pheromones and Animal Behaviour. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Regan, Pamela, The Mating Game. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2003.

Givens, David, Love Signals. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2005.

Pines, Ayala, Falling in Love. New York: Routledge, 1999.

Little, Anthony, Benedict Jones, Lisa DeBruine, and David Feinberg. “Symmetry and sexual dimorphism in                  human faces:interrelated preferences suggest both signal quality.” Behavioral Ecology 14 May 2008              26 Oct 2008. <http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/19/4/902>

Rhodes, Gillian, “The Evolutionary Psychology of Facial Beauty.” Annual Reviews Psychology.

Todosijevic, Bojan, Snezana Ljubinovic, Aleksandra Arancic, and “Evolutionary Psychology.” 10 Jun 2003 11              Aug 2005 26 Oct 2008. <http://www.epjournal.new/filestore/ep0116126.pdf>

Benson, Etienne, “Pheromones, in context.” American Psychological Association. 9 Oct 202 26 Oct                            2008<http://www.apa.com/monitor/oct02/pheromones.html>

Havlicek, Jan, Craig Roberts, Jaroslav Flegr, and “Women’s Preference for dominant male odour:effects of                  menstrual cycle and relationship status.” Biology Lettes 5 Jul 2005.

%change in Consumption =

c + %change Permanent Income + %change Transitory Income - %change Interest rate 

Will this correct heteroskedasticity?  If so, I think the equation may still yield coefficients that estimate maginal propensities to consume out of the transitory and permanent components of income.

Cronon más o menos trata de transmitir esta misma idea. Mas que transmitir el trata de abrir la mente del lector y de los ambientalistas para redefinir lo que es “wilderness”. Me parece que su meta es que todo lo que tiene que ver con la naturaleza es “wilderness”. Entonces ahora la selva virgen no es la única “wilderness” que necesita ser cuidada sino que también los árboles a nuestro alrededor, nuestros jardines, los parques y bosques que mantenemos en reservas. Es fácil ver porque su punto de vista innovador puede causar controversia incluso entre los mismos grupos ambientalistas y más aun en las personas que piensan que no tienen nada que ver con “wilderness”. Esta lectura también me recordó que tengo una obligación a cuidar nuestros recursos naturales de la manera en que yo pueda, empezando por reciclar.

And it’s something a person can never really get over. Just like Willard, if in different levels of extremity, in many ways war vets never really ful

[kml_flashembed movie="http://www.youtube.com/v/3k25ywzYtQY" width="425" height="350" wmode="transparent" /]

Here is our link.

Use the tabs to maneuver around in this.

[kml_flashembed movie="http://www.youtube.com/v/lw0WzMD6Hb4" width="425" height="350" wmode="transparent" /]

If you read this I would like you to know that this class was EXCELLENT. Thank you very much!

Sally G

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7UvyVNoL…

Can anyone identify with this video on the Medieval Help Desk?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQHX-SjgQvQ

[kml_flashembed movie="http://www.youtube.com/v/dMH0bHeiRNg" width="425" height="350" wmode="transparent" /]

expt 2

This is my new blog. Check out this knee surgery video.

[kml_flashembed movie="http://www.youtube.com/v/EpfzE3eMkJw" width="425" height="350" wmode="transparent" /]

[kml_flashembed movie="http://www.youtube.com/v/501sNcmrwGQ" width="425" height="350" wmode="transparent" /]

[kml_flashembed movie="http://www.youtube.com/v/4rRA6fuS_JU" width="425" height="350" wmode="transparent" /]

it’s fun♥

• it’s easy
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGOohBytKTU

[kml_flashembed movie="http://www.youtube.com/v/WGOohBytKTU" width="425" height="350" wmode="transparent" /]

The tips that David gave to me in speech construction was to organize your speech in to diffferent subtopics and go into each of them with enough detail required instead of reading a paper or trying to remember everything.  He insisted that my speech would be great if I know the data by heart, and give an impromptu speech with using notecards as a guide because what is spoken does not have to be identical to whats on the paper or on your notes for that matter.  He also recommended a powerpoint technique known as “reveal and conceal.”  You would start off the powerpoint by using a blank slide and when you are ready to use the aid, flip to the next slide which would have your visual aid (picture, map, or little bit of text).  After you have mentioned the significant data relating to your visual aid, go to the next slide which would be blank and do this throughout your speech.  I am going to implement this method in my speech tomorrow, hopefully I will not choke during the speech.

The tips that David gave to me in speech construction was to organize your speech in to diffferent subtopics and go into each of them with enough detail required instead of reading a paper or trying to remember everything.  He insisted that my speech would be great if I know the data by heart, and give an impromptu speech with using notecards as a guide because what is spoken does not have to be identical to whats on the paper or on your notes for that matter.  He also recommended a powerpoint technique known as “reveal and conceal.”  You would start off the powerpoint by using a blank slide and when you are ready to use the aid, flip to the next slide which would have your visual aid (picture, map, or little bit of text).  After you have mentioned the significant data relating to your visual aid, go to the next slide which would be blank and do this throughout your speech.  I am going to implement this method in my speech tomorrow, hopefully I will not choke during the speech.

Outside NHK Hall in Tokyo, Japan. (I didn't take, nor have any ownership over, the background photo.)